SCSU: Instructional Tech: Instructional Design

Guerrilla Instructional Design
or
Design Methods for the
Busy Instructor

Overview of Instructional Design	Analysis	Rapid Prototyping	Chunk and Structure Information
Visual Design	Instructional Strategies	Support Materials	Implement Evaluate Revise


Key Design Issues:

What are the goals of the instruction?
Who are the students?
What do they need to know or do?
What's the best way to teach the topic?
How do I know the lesson worked?
Instructional Design:: A systematic process of answering the questions above through identifying an instructional goal, analyzing the audience and their needs, developing instruction to meet those needs, and evaluating the instruction.

[Graphic showing instructional design model]

This is one of several instructional design models.

Identify Instructional Goals

The first step shown in the diagram above is to identify what it is you want your students to be able to do when the instruction is complete.

Conduct Instructional Analysis

The second step is to conduct an instructional analysis. After identifying the instructional goal, you determine what subordinate skills or steps a student must learn. This analysis will result in a diagram of the skills which shows the relationships among them.

Identify Audience Entry Behaviors and Characteristics

The next step is to determine all of the skills learners must have to begin instruction. Also, it is important to consider learner characteristics such as learning style, culture, language comprehension and so on in the design of the instructional materials.

Write Performance Objectives

Based on the instructional analysis and learner behaviors, you write specific statements of what the learners will be able to do when they are finished with the instruction. The statements include an observable, measurable behavior, conditions for performance and criteria for performance.

Develop Test Items

Based on your objectives, you will develop items to assess learner performance.

Develop Instructional Strategies

The next step is to identify strategies to help learners achieve the instructional objectives. These strategies include motivational strategies, presentation of information (including chunking and structuring information and visual design of information), practice and feedback.

Develop Materials

Using your instructional strategies, you will select instructional materials or develop new materials.

Conduct Formative Evaluation

After a draft of the instructional material is completed, evaluations are done to determine how to improve the instruction.

Revise Instruction

Based on the formative evaluation, reexamine the validity of the instructional and audience analyses, and make appropriate changes in the instruction.

Conduct Summative Evaluation

This step examines the relative worth of instruction. This may be conducted by an independent evaluator, rather than the instructional designer.

An Alternative Design Model for Multimedia

Each of these steps are important to the design and delivery of instruction using instructional technologies such as presentation software, ITV, Hypertext or multimedia. With each of these technologies, the way the information is structured and packaged becomes even more important than with live classroom instruction. An alternate design model which highlights these factors is shown below.

[Graphic showing a multimedia design model]

[Introduction] [Analysis]